平头塔式起重机结构的优化设计  

Optimal Design of Flat-Head Tower Crane Structures

作　　者：李屹 陈奕璋 沈莹莹 

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学机械工程学院,上海 [2]上海理工大学管理学院,上海

出　　处：《建模与仿真》2022年第6期1643-1657,共15页Modeling and Simulation

摘　　要：本塔式起重机作为大型工程中的关键部分,对起重机本身的安全性能和驾驶员的规范操作都有严格要求。本文以QTZ5613平头塔式起重机为研究对象,在符合安全标准的条件下,对塔机的起重臂结构进行轻量化优化。以起重臂的质量最小值为优化设计目标,建立包括目标函数、设计变量和约束条件在的优化设计的数学模型,利用MATLAB软件,开展基于内点惩罚法的平头塔式起重机起重臂优化设计,结果表明优化后的起重臂质量减少了30%,优化效果十分明显。利用ANSYS有限元仿真得出优化前后静态和动态性能的对比,起重机的各阶固有频率值均有增加,低阶中的第2阶和第4阶固有频率分别提高了7.6%和7.5%,高阶中的第10阶则提高了64.9%,起重机的整体刚度有所提升。As a key part of large project, tower cranes have strict requirements for the safety performance of the crane itself and the standard operation of the driver. In this paper, the QTZ5613 flat-head tower crane is used as a research object to optimise the lightweight structure of the tower crane’s lifting boom under the condition that the safety standards are met. Firstly, the minimum mass of the lifting arm was selected as the optimal design objective. Secondly, a mathematical model of the optimal design was established, including the objective function, design variables and constraints. Thirdly, MATLAB was used to carry out the optimal design of the flat-head tower crane lifting arm based on the interior point penalty method. The results showed that the optimised lifting arm mass was reduced by 30%, indicating a significant optimisation effect. In addition, the comparison of static and dynamic performance before and after optimisation was obtained using ANSYS finite element simulation. The results showed that crane’s intrinsic frequency values of all orders increased. The 2nd and 4th order inherent frequencies increased by 7.6% and 7.5% respectively, while the 10th order in the higher order increased by 64.9%, indicating stiffness of the crane was improved.

关 键 词：平头塔式起重机 优化设计 内点惩罚函数法 轻量化 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TH2[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]