劳动力市场性别歧视的成因与应对措施  

Causes of Gender Discrimination in the Labor Market and Its Countermeasures

作　　者：彭晶晶 李青[1,2] 欧阳金琼 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学经济与管理学院,阿拉尔 [2]南疆经济社会发展研究院,阿拉尔

出　　处：《可持续发展》2019年第2期196-205,共10页Sustainable Development

摘　　要：关注女性公平就业,维护女性劳动者就业权利,消除劳动力市场中的性别歧视,是实现社会稳定与和谐发展的基本要求。本文通过宏观数据分析不同行业男女就业的情况,结合实地调查与访谈资料基于微观实证运用二元Logistic去验证性别歧视的存在性,研究发现:无论是就业率、收入水平还是职业结构都存在明显的性别差异;某些行业以及招聘单位在用人方面观念淡薄、劳动力市场供需不平衡使得性别歧视问题依然突出;深度贫困区少数民族妇女就业观念相对落后、就业技能严重缺乏、职业素养要求与自身散漫习惯不匹配等问题造成的就业率低、社会地位不高以及阻断代际贫困传递的障碍显著现象值得关注;用人单位提高整体社会责任感、促进劳动力市场健康发展、强化维权意识以及将职业技能培训贯穿职业生涯全过程是缓解矛盾、提高就业水平和能力的有力保障。To pay attention to women's fair employment,safeguard women workers’employment rights and eliminate gender discrimination in the labor market are the basic requirements for the realization of social stability and harmonious development.This paper analyzes the employment situation of men and women in different industries through macro-data analysis,and uses multi-value ordered logistic to verify the existence of gender discrimination based on micro-empirical data.The results show that:no matter on the employment rate,income level or occupation structure,there are obvious gender differences;in some industries and recruitment units,gender discrimination is still prominent because of the weak concept of employment and the imbalance between supply and demand in the labor market.The employment rate and social status of ethnic minority women in the poverty-stricken areas are low because of the relatively backward concept of employment,the serious lack of employment skills,and the mismatch between professional quality requirements and their own scattered habits.Obstacles to intergenerational poverty transmission are noteworthy.Employers should improve their overall social responsibility,promote the healthy development of the labor market,strengthen their awareness of safeguarding their rights,and integrate vocational skills training throughout their careers as a powerful guarantee to alleviate conflicts and improve their employment level and ability.

关 键 词：劳动力市场 性别歧视 就业观念 职业技能 

分 类 号：F2[经济管理—国民经济]