Thermal Effect of a Revolving Gaussian Beam on Activating Heat-Sensitive Nociceptors in Skin  

作　　者：Hongyun Wang Wesley A. Burgei Hong Zhou Hongyun Wang;Wesley A. Burgei;Hong Zhou(Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA;US Department of Defense, Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office, Quantico, VA, USA;Department of Applied Mathematics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA)

机构地区：[1]Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA [2]US Department of Defense, Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office, Quantico, VA, USA [3]Department of Applied Mathematics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA

出　　处：《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》2021年第1期88-100,共13页应用数学与应用物理（英文）

摘　　要：We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is above the activation temperature. Withdrawal reflex occurs when the activated volume reaches a threshold. Previously we studied static beams with 3 types of power density distribution: Gaussian, super-Gaussian, and flat-top. We found that the flaptop is the best and the Gaussian is the worst in their performance with regard to 1) minimizing the time to withdrawal reflex, 2) minimizing the energy consumption and 3) minimizing the maximum temperature increase. The less-than-desirable performance of Gaussian beams is attributed to the uneven distribution of power density resulting in low energy efficiency: near the beam center the high power density does not contribute proportionally to increasing the activated volume;outside the beam effective radius the low power density fails to activate nociceptors. To overcome the drawbacks of Gaussian beams, in this study, we revolve a Gaussian beam around a fixed point to make the power density more uniformly distributed. We optimize the performance over two parameters: the spot size of static beam and the radius of beam revolution. We find that in comparison with a static Gaussian beam, a revolving Gaussian beam can reduce the energy consumption, and at the same time lower the maximum temperature.We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive nociceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is above the activation temperature. Withdrawal reflex occurs when the activated volume reaches a threshold. Previously we studied static beams with 3 types of power density distribution: Gaussian, super-Gaussian, and flat-top. We found that the flaptop is the best and the Gaussian is the worst in their performance with regard to 1) minimizing the time to withdrawal reflex, 2) minimizing the energy consumption and 3) minimizing the maximum temperature increase. The less-than-desirable performance of Gaussian beams is attributed to the uneven distribution of power density resulting in low energy efficiency: near the beam center the high power density does not contribute proportionally to increasing the activated volume;outside the beam effective radius the low power density fails to activate nociceptors. To overcome the drawbacks of Gaussian beams, in this study, we revolve a Gaussian beam around a fixed point to make the power density more uniformly distributed. We optimize the performance over two parameters: the spot size of static beam and the radius of beam revolution. We find that in comparison with a static Gaussian beam, a revolving Gaussian beam can reduce the energy consumption, and at the same time lower the maximum temperature.

关 键 词：Heat-Sensitive Nociceptor Heat-Induced Withdrawal Reflex Revolving Gaussian Beam Optimizing Energy Consumption Non-Dimensional Analysis 

分 类 号：R74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]