Effects of Imazethapyr-Based Herbicide Formulation in the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Hepatocyte Cell Line (ZF-L): Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress  

作　　者：Edila Maria Kickhöfel Ferrer Milena Mattes Cerveira Pedro Henrique Flores Da Cruz Cleiton Jesus Andrade Pereira Lucas Moraes Berneira Claudio Martin Pereira de Pereira Nathalia Stark Pedra Roselia Maria Spanevello Jean Carlos Bauer Vieira Clarissa Piccinin Frizzo Mateus Tavares Kütter Janice Luehring Giongo Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher Edila Maria Kickhöfel Ferrer;Milena Mattes Cerveira;Pedro Henrique Flores Da Cruz;Cleiton Jesus Andrade Pereira;Lucas Moraes Berneira;Claudio Martin Pereira de Pereira;Nathalia Stark Pedra;Roselia Maria Spanevello;Jean Carlos Bauer Vieira;Clarissa Piccinin Frizzo;Mateus Tavares Kütter;Janice Luehring Giongo;Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher(Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Food Sciences, Microorganism Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, (LAPEBBIOM), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Food Sciences, Laboratory for Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Research, Bioforensic Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Food Sciences, Neurochemistry, Inflammation, and Cancer Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;Department of Chemistry, Heterocycle Chemistry Center (NUQUIMHE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)

机构地区：[1]Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Food Sciences, Microorganism Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, (LAPEBBIOM), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [2]Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Food Sciences, Laboratory for Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Research, Bioforensic Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [3]Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Food Sciences, Neurochemistry, Inflammation, and Cancer Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [4]Department of Chemistry, Heterocycle Chemistry Center (NUQUIMHE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [5]Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

出　　处：《Journal of Environmental Protection》2024年第6期747-765,共19页环境保护（英文）

摘　　要：Seizures of agrochemical formulations have increased in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul is among the Brazilian states with the highest number of seizures of these products obtained illicitly. The use of illicit formulations can cause significant harm to agricultural production, the environment, and non-target species. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of a seized formulation containing the herbicide imazethapyr (IMZT). Characterization of the herbicide included gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thermal analyses (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)). Hemolytic and cytotoxicity assays in ZF-L hepatic cells showed IC50 values of 12.75 µg/mL, 3.01 µg/mL, 2.67 µg/mL, and 1.61 µg/mL for erythrocytes, [3(4,5-dimethyl)-2 bromide-5 diphenyl tetrazolium] (MTT), neutral red (NR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, respectively. The median IC50 of 2.84 µg/mL was used in oxidative stress assays, revealing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced total sulfhydryl content, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. This study is the first to report in vitro oxidative stress induced by IMZT in the ZF-L cell line, emphasizing the importance of in vitro assays for assessing the toxic effects of seized agrochemicals on human health and the environment.Seizures of agrochemical formulations have increased in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul is among the Brazilian states with the highest number of seizures of these products obtained illicitly. The use of illicit formulations can cause significant harm to agricultural production, the environment, and non-target species. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of a seized formulation containing the herbicide imazethapyr (IMZT). Characterization of the herbicide included gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thermal analyses (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)). Hemolytic and cytotoxicity assays in ZF-L hepatic cells showed IC50 values of 12.75 µg/mL, 3.01 µg/mL, 2.67 µg/mL, and 1.61 µg/mL for erythrocytes, [3(4,5-dimethyl)-2 bromide-5 diphenyl tetrazolium] (MTT), neutral red (NR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, respectively. The median IC50 of 2.84 µg/mL was used in oxidative stress assays, revealing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced total sulfhydryl content, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. This study is the first to report in vitro oxidative stress induced by IMZT in the ZF-L cell line, emphasizing the importance of in vitro assays for assessing the toxic effects of seized agrochemicals on human health and the environment.

关 键 词：Agrochemical IMIDAZOLINONE ZEBRAFISH Cell Viability Oxidative Damage 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]