The Spatial Distribution of Nitrite Concentrations in a Large Drinking Water Distribution System in Finland  

作　　者：Pirjo-Liisa Rantanen Minna M.Keinanen-Toivola Merja Ahonen Ilkka Mellin Duoying Zhang Tuula Laakso Riku Vahala 

机构地区：[1]Department of Built Environment,School of Engineering,Aalto University,Espoo,Finland [2]Faculty of Technology,Satakunta University of Applied Sciences,Rauma,Finland [3]Department of Mathematics and Systems Analysis,School of Science,Aalto University,Espoo,Finland [4]School of Civil Engineering,Heilongjiang University,Harbin,China [5]Helsinki Regional Environmental Services Authority,Helsinki,Finland

出　　处：《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》2017年第8期1026-1042,共17页水资源与保护（英文）

基　　金：foundation of Maa-ja vesitekniikan tuki ry.,for financing the research.

摘　　要：Nitrite in drinking water is a potential health hazard and monitoring its concentrations in distributed water is of paramount importance. When monochloramine is used in secondary disinfection in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), nitrite is often formed by nitrification in the biofilm on the inner surface of distribution pipes. This article attempts to identify areas with a risk of increased nitrite concentrations as well as the main reasons leading to nitrite occurrence in a large urban DWDS in Finland using spatial inspection of obligatory monitoring data. Nitrification was found to occur throughout the study area, though nitrite was not increased everywhere. Instead, nitrite was increased close to the water treatment plants (WTPs) and was connected to fresh drinking water than stagnant drinking water. Temperature effects on nitrite concentrations were surprisingly insignificant, even though it is well known that nitrification reactions are affected by temperature. The temperature dependence of ammonium and total residual chlorine was more significant than the dependence of nitrite. The findings of this study emphasize the need to monitor nitrite concentrations close to WTPs.Nitrite in drinking water is a potential health hazard and monitoring its concentrations in distributed water is of paramount importance. When monochloramine is used in secondary disinfection in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), nitrite is often formed by nitrification in the biofilm on the inner surface of distribution pipes. This article attempts to identify areas with a risk of increased nitrite concentrations as well as the main reasons leading to nitrite occurrence in a large urban DWDS in Finland using spatial inspection of obligatory monitoring data. Nitrification was found to occur throughout the study area, though nitrite was not increased everywhere. Instead, nitrite was increased close to the water treatment plants (WTPs) and was connected to fresh drinking water than stagnant drinking water. Temperature effects on nitrite concentrations were surprisingly insignificant, even though it is well known that nitrification reactions are affected by temperature. The temperature dependence of ammonium and total residual chlorine was more significant than the dependence of nitrite. The findings of this study emphasize the need to monitor nitrite concentrations close to WTPs.

关 键 词：Ammonium Disinfection with Monochloramine Distribution System Drinking Water DWDS Maximum Water Age NITRIFICATION Nitrite Concentrations Residual Total Chlorine Spatial Inspection Temperature 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]