Project(50974041)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China;Project(NCET-11-0073)supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China;Project(201102065)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China;Project(2012921075)supported by the Ten Million Talent Project of Liaoning Province,China
The ecological costs of open pit metal mining are quantified, which include lost value of direct eco-services, lost value of indirect eco-services, prevention and restoration costs, and cost of carbon emission from en...
Project(50974041) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China;Project(20090042120040) supported by the Doctoral Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education, China;Project(20093910) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China
Three important aspects of phase-mining must be optimized:the number of phases,the geometry and location of each phase-pit(including the ultimate pit),and the ore and waste quantities to be mined in each phase.A model...