supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Nos. 2007CB613701 and 2007CB613702);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50904018, 51004032 and 50974037);the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese Universities (No. NCET-08-0098);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Nos. N090409002 and N090209002);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20100471468)
AZ31 alloy billets of 200 mm in diameter were produced by three different processes of conventional direct chill (DC) casting, low-frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) and low-frequency electromagnetic vibrati...