We thank Zhang Jie for her assistance in confocal analysis(Advanced Medical Research Institute,Shandong University).This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2018YFC1003400);the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(2016WLJH50);the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2017MH049).
Impaired flagellar development and impaired motility of sperm is a cause of infertility in males. Several genes, including those of the AKAP, CCDC, CFAP, and DNAH families, among others, are involved in the‘‘multipl...