supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071051);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.DUT21LAB302).
Applying the Morse theory,we give a standard form for a class of surfaces which includes all the properly embedded incompressible surfaces in 3-dimensional handlebodies.We also give a necessary and sufficient conditio...
Supported in part by NSFC(12071051);the National Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2020-MS-244);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT21LAB302)。
In this paper,we will give a sufficient condition for the self-amalgamation of a handlebody to be strongly irreducible.
supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11431009 and 11671064);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.DUT19LK15);Ministry of Science and Education of Russia(Grant No.1.13557.2019/13.1)。
The main results of the paper are that we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a surface sum of two handlebodies along a connected surface to be a handlebody as follows:(1)The annulus sum H=H1∪AH2 of two han...
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11329101,11431009,11329101,11471151,11401069);the grant of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT14LK12)
Let M be a compact connected 3-submanifold of the 3-sphere S^3 with one boundary component F such that there exists a collection of n pairwise disjoint connected orientable surfaces S = {S_1, ···, S_n} properly emb...
For a handlebody H w ith dH = 5, let F belong S be an essential connected subsurface of S. Let C(S) be the curve complex of S, AC(F) be the arc and curve complex of F , D(H) belong C(S) be ...
The grant (09XBKQ09) of Harbin Normal University;the NSF (11101058) of China;China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2011M500049)
Let Hn be an orientable handlebody of genus n. It has been proved that for n not less than 2, there exists an annulus-busting curve in δHm. In the present paper, we prove that for n not less than 2, there exists an e...
Work supported in part by a grant (No.10171024) of NSFC;a grant of the Outstanding Youth Fellowship of Heilongjiang Province
In the present paper, we characterize the bordered 3-manifolds with genus 1 D-splittings and SD-splittings. We also describe a minimal genus SD-splitting for a handlebody and surface × I.
Let H be a handlebody, J={J 1, …, J n} a collection of 2 sided pairwise disjoint simple closed curves on H. The 3 manifold obtained from H by attaching 2 handles to H along the curves in J is called an n re...