supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2018YFC1407206);Academy of Finland (Grant No.317999);European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant No.727890-INTAROS)。
In August 2018,a remarkable polynya was observed off the north coast of Greenland,a perennial ice zone where thick sea ice cover persists.In order to investigate the formation process of this polynya,satellite observa...
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41830536,Grant No.41676190,and Grant No.41941009);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.12500-312231103);The authors thank the University of Bremen for providing the AMSR-E,AMSR-2 and SSMIS SIC data,as well as the University of Wisconsin-Madison Automatic Weather Station Program(NSF Grant No.ANT-1543305)。
Antarctic polynyas play an important role in regional atmosphere?ice?ocean interactions and are considered to help generate the global deep ocean conveyer belt.Polynyas therefore have a potential impact on the Earth’...