supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2018YFA0701400);Q.L.was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2018YFC0910503);National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.81873909);Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(grant no.2018SHZDZX01);Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant no.20ZR1404900);the Zhangjiang Laboratory.The authors thank all volunteers for their participation in this study.The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Background:Amphetamine-type stimulants(ATS)have become a critical public health issue.Animal models have indicated a clear neurotoxic potential of ATSs.In humans,chronic use has been associated with cogni-tive deficit...