supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21975267);the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Liaoning Province(No:2022JH6/100100001)。
There is an urgent need to break through the trade-off between proton conductivity and ion selectivity of proton exchange membrane(PEM)in vanadium flow battery(VFB).Proton channels in PEM are the key to controlling th...