This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11771039,11971054);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.2015JBM107);the 111 Project of China(No.B16002)。
Let G be a multigraph.Suppose that e=u1v1 and e′=u2v2 are two edges of G.If e≠e′,then G(e,e′)is the graph obtained from G by replacing e=u1v1 with a path u1vev1 and by replacing e′=u2v2 with a path u2ve′v2,where...
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1507704);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41861134036 and 41530528);the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program in China and the 111 Project(B14001).P.Ciais acknowledges support from the French National Research Agency with the project China-Trend-Stream.
Afforestation in China provides carbon sequestration and prevents soil erosion,but its remote impacts on climate in other regions via the coupling of forest energy fluxes with atmospheric circulation are largely unkno...