Objective: This study assessed the effects of consuming acetic acid bacteria (Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1) for 12 weeks on fatigue induced by temporary mental stress. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placeb...
Gluconacetobacter hansenii GK-1 is an acid-resistant gram-negative bacterium used in vinegar brewing. Oral ingestion of GK-1 was previously reported to help maintain immunity and reduce nasal discomfort. Considering t...
It is known that the consumption of bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has beneficial effects on human immune function. Most of them are Gram-positive bacteria, and there are few reports on Gram-negative...