The Fund of Laoshan Laboratory under contract No.LSKJ202202700;the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China under contract No.2024Q02;the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42076023 and 42430402;the Global Change and Air-Sea InteractionⅡProject under contract No.GASI-01-ATP-STwin.
The Indonesian Throughflow(ITF)plays important roles in global ocean circulation and climate systems.Previous studies suggested the ITF interannual variability is driven by both the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)a...