Supported by the MOST National Key Research and Development Programme under Grant No.2016YFB0600805;the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2017M620757;the Center for Combustion Energy at Tsinghua University,Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant Nos.A2017409014,ZD2017001 and A201500111,FJKLMAA,Fujian Normal University;the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under the Project UK Consortium on Mesoscale Engineering Sciences(UKCOMES)under Grant No.EP/L00030X/1
Diffusion is a ubiquitous physical phenomenon where thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects(TNEs) are outstanding issues. In this work, we employ the discrete Boltzmann method to investigate the TNEs in the dynamic proce...