“言不尽意”辨——基于后期维特根斯坦哲学的考察  

The“Meaning not fully expressed by Language”——An Examination based on the Philosophy of late Wittgenstein

作　　者：王海涛[1] Wang Haitao

机构地区：[1]信阳师范学院文学院

出　　处：《中国美学研究》2022年第1期255-273,共19页

摘　　要：“言不尽意”观隐含的前提是意先言后,含有对言的不信任,将意看作是现成的。但意并非现成的,而是生成的。言在根本上不可被超越,它与意是共生的。王弼所论言、象、意关系表明:言以明象,象以尽意,但不执着言和象;忘言方得象,忘象方得意,但也不耽于忘言和忘象。“言不尽意”观隐含着意内言外的内外之别,即将言视为形式、修辞。言本身有无限多的用法可能性,这决定了言最终是可以尽意的。“言不尽意”观将意私人化,指涉某种私人语言。言外之意和不尽之意并不神秘,仍在语言游戏范围之内,是可以通过语言交流实现沟通理解的。未言说的还是要通过已言说的显现其间。人们的错误在于认为日常语言太粗糙,“难以捕捉”“稍纵即逝的现象”。意非“我”所有意味着它是公共的,总能以某种方式被言说。并非只有已说出的可以作为确定的依据,而是还有“无法测定的依据”,这就需要人们立足于“生活形式”直观地把握意。The implicit premise of the“meaning not fully expressed by language”view is that the meaning comes before the words,and involves a distrust of the words,seeing the meaning as ready-made,but the meaning is not readymade,but generated.The word is fundamentally unsurpassed,and it is symbiotic with the meaning.Wang Bi’s discussion of the relationship between words,images,and meaning shows that words are used to clarify images and images to exhaust meaning,but he does not cling to words and images;he forgets words to get images and images to get meaning,but he does not indulge in forgetting words and images either.The“meaning not fully expressed by language”view implies a distinction between inside meaning and outside language,i.e.,the words are regarded as forms and rhetoric.The“meaning not fully expressed by language”view privatizes meaning,referring to some kind of private language.The fact that meaning is not“I”means that it is public and can always be spoken in some way.It is not only what has been said that can be used as a basis for certainty,but also the“undetermined basis”,which requires one to grasp meaning intuitively,based on the“form of life”.

关 键 词：言不尽意 维特根斯坦 私人语言 语言游戏 得意忘言 

分 类 号：B561.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]