非正式制度与国家治理:一项研究述评  

Informal Institutions and State Governance:A Literature Review

作　　者：蒋光明 陈慧荣[2] Jiang Guangming;Chen Huirong

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院 [2]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院

出　　处：《实证社会科学》2022年第1期143-159,共17页Social Science Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目《制度建设向治理效能转化的历史路径研究》(项目编号:21BZZ043)

摘　　要：国家治理研究的“制度转向”把制度建设及其作用机制带回我们分析的中心。国家治理的制度基础包括正式制度和非正式制度。非正式制度之于国家治理,犹如暗物质之于物理学,普遍存在且非常重要,但难以观测和研究。本文系统梳理了非正式制度研究的一系列理论问题(非正式制度是什么、如何产生以及变迁、如何与正式制度互动、如何发挥作用),并对非正式制度与国家治理间关系的实证研究成果进行述评。最后就中国国家治理和改革视域中的非正式制度研究提出三点展望:一是分析非正式制度与正式制度变迁机制的差别;二是解释非正式制度在何种情况下被废除或正式化;三是进一步发掘非正式制度的作用机制。With the“institutional turn”in comparative politics,institutions have been brought back to the center of political studies.Both formal institutions and informal institutions play critical roles in state governance.Much scholarly attention has been paid to the political outcomes and dynamics of informal institutions,but a synthesis work on this strand of literature is not available and this paper tries to fill this gap.This review essay addresses questions including what an informal institution is,how it is generated and changes,how it interacts with formal institutions,and how it works.We review the existing literature on informal institutions and discuss their implications for China’s state governance and prospective reform.Finally,we point out that three critical issues remain underexplored:the different mechanisms of the change of informal and formal institutions;the circumstances under which an informal institution is abolished or formalized;and other mechanisms of informal institutions functioning.

关 键 词：国家治理 非正式制度 制度变迁 新制度主义 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]