人性的自然基础:朱子对程颐“性即理”命题的阐释及其哲学意蕴  

The Natural Basis of Human Nature:Chu Hsi's Interpretation of ChengYi's Proposition that“Human Nature is Reason”and its Philosophical Connotation

作　　者：江求流 Jiang Qiuliu

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学学院暨关学研究院

出　　处：《思想与文化》2023年第1期225-237,共13页Thought & Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“宋代理学的佛教批判及其现代意义研究”(17XZX012)。

摘　　要：“性即理”这一命题是程朱理学的标识所在。由于佛教批评儒学不能“穷理尽性”,理学家们便自觉地将对“性与天道”的探讨作为学术工作的核心,从而兴起了“性命之学”的学术思潮。正是在这一背景下,程颐提出了“性即理”这一命题,朱子又进一步对它做了阐释。“性即理”包含两层内涵:一、性何以“即”理?按照朱子的理解,人性以仁义礼智信为具体内容,而五常之“性”的实质内涵乃是五行之气的“理”,在气化生物的过程中,气之理也就自然而然地内化为人与万物之性;二、性何以是善的?在朱子那里,仁义礼智信并不是人文世界的道德规范,而是自然世界的生意,当其具身化到人身上时,就转化为人的先天感通能力,并能够在遇到孺子入井等相应的情境时引发道德行为,从而实现“爱人利物”,因此,它具有引发道德行为的功能,因此是善的。概言之,无论是人性之源还是人性之善,都来源于天道层面的自然之生意,因此,“性即理”的实质内涵即是“性与天道”的贯通,换言之,正是自然的生意为人性奠定了基础。The proposition that“nature is reason”is the hallmark of Neo-Confucianism.Since Buddhism criticized Confucianism for not being able to“exploring the foundation of human nature”,neo-confucianists consciously took this question as the core of their academic work,thus studying about human nature became an academic trend.It was under this background that Cheng Yi put forward the proposition that“nature is reason”,and Zhu Zi further explained it.This proposition contains two connotations:First,why is human nature is reason?According to Zhu Zi's understanding,human nature takes benevolence,righteousness,propriety,wisdom and faith as its concrete content,while the essence of the“nature”of the five elements is the“principle”of the qi of the five elements.In the process of gasification of living things,the principle of qi naturally internalizes the nature of human and all things;Second,why human nature is good?In Zhuxi's view,benevolence,righteousness,propriety,wisdom and faith is not humanistic ethics of the world,but the capacity for life of the natural world,when it has a body to a specific person,translate their human sense of innate ability,and can meet the corresponding situation such as that the boy in the well cause moral behavior,so as to realize loving others,therefore,it is“moral”,that is good.In a word,both the source of human nature and the goodness of human nature come from the capacity for life of nature.Therefore,the essence of“nature is reason”is the connection between human nature and the way of heaven.In other words,it is the capacity for life of nature that lays the foundation for human nature.

关 键 词：程颐 朱子 性即理 天道 人性 自然 生意 

分 类 号：B82-061[哲学宗教—伦理学]