返回杜威:美国生涯教育的三次改革  

Returning to Dewey: Three Reforms of Contemporary American Career Education

作　　者：冯嘉慧 Feng Jiahui(School of Education Science and Technology,Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University,Guangzhou 510665)

机构地区：[1]广东技术师范大学教育科学与技术学院,广州510665

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2020年第13期113-124,共12页Research in Educational Development

摘　　要：美国生涯教育最初显示为霍兰德等人倡导的"职业分类"模式和舒伯等人倡导的"生涯咨询"模式。从20世纪70年代开始,美国生涯教育领域先后出现三次改革:一是马兰德倡导的"生涯教育运动";二是新职业主义运动;三是"生涯技术教育"。这三次生涯教育改革都强调在普通教育中增加职业教育课程,这与20世纪早期杜威倡导的普职融合不谋而合。杜威有关职业教育以及生涯教育的说法,成为一系列当代美国生涯教育运动的相关研究者以及倡导者频繁引用的理论资源。美国生涯教育的改革至少可以提供以下三个启示:一是不仅重视生涯咨询,而且为当事人提供生涯教育;二是强化普通教育与职业教育的融合;三是推进校企合作以及普通教育与职场实习的融合。Career education in the United States initially showed the"career classification"model advocated by Holland and the"career counseling"model advocated by Super.Since the 1970 s,there were three reforms in the field of career education in the United States:the first is the"career education movement"advocated by Marland;the second is the"new vocationalism"reform;the third is"Career-technical Education"reform.These career education reforms emphasized increasing vocational education curriculum in general education.It coincided with the idea that integrating general and vocational education advocated by Dewey in the early 20 th century.Dewey’s theory about vocational education and career education has become a theoretical resource frequently cited by researchers and advocates of contemporary career education reforms.The experience of career education reforms in the United States is worthy of our country’s consideration and reference.First,we should not only attach importance to career counseling,but also provide career education for students.Second,we should strengthen the integration of general education and vocational education.Third,we should promote school-enterprise cooperation and the integration of general education and workplace practice.

关 键 词：涯教育 新职业主义 生涯技术教育 回到杜威 

分 类 号：G571.2[文化科学—教育学]