野生黑龙江三角鲂肌肉营养成分分析  

Analysis of Nutritional Compositions in Muscle of Wild Black Bream(Megalobrama terminalis)in the Heilong River

作　　者：胡雪松[1,2,3] 马波 王继隆[1,4,5] 李池陶 贾智英[1,2,3] 石潇丹 葛延龙[1,2,3] 姜晓娜 石连玉[1,2,3] HU Xuesong;MA Bo;WANG Jilong;LI Chitao;JIA Zhiying;SHI Xiaodan;GE Yanlong;JIANG Xiaona;SHI Lianyu(Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding,Harbin 150070,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150070,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in Heilongjiang River Basin,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150070,China;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Fishery Resources and Environment,Fuyuan 156500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]淡水鱼类育种国家地方联合工程实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [3]农业农村部淡水水产生物技术与遗传育种重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [4]农业农村部黑龙江流域渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [5]国家农业科学渔业资源环境抚远观测试验站,黑龙江抚远156500

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2022年第6期21-29,共9页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：农业财政专项资金项目“东北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”

摘　　要：本文测定和分析了繁殖前洄游阶段的平均体质量为(2434.42±157.40)g的野生8龄黑龙江三角鲂(Megalobrama terminalis)肌肉营养成分,为该鱼的种质评价及合理开发利用提供参考。黑龙江三角鲂肌肉(鲜样)中的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的含量分别为77.17%、17.18%、4.69%和1.17%。在肌肉样本中检测出18种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸和半必需氨基酸之和接近氨基酸总量的一半(49.75%),其必需氨基酸含量符合FAO/WHO的评分标准。黑龙江三角鲂肌肉含有6种单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acids,MUFA),其总量接近总脂肪酸含量的一半(47.07%);多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)为9种,包含n-3型的C20∶5n3(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)和C22∶6n3(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA),且二者较均衡,均占总脂肪酸含量的5%~6%。PUFA与饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acids,SFA)的比值为0.73,n-6与n-3 PUFA的比值为0.31,两项指标远高于理想饮食的推荐标准。黑龙江三角鲂肌肉中钾含量是钠的10倍以上,属于高钾低钠食物。肌肉还含有Zn、Fe、Cu、Se和Mn等微量元素。测定结果表明,黑龙江三角鲂不仅味道鲜美,还富含人体必需的氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸和多种微量元素,具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。The muscle nutrition compositions of the wild 8-year-old black bream(Megalobrama terminalis)in the Heilong River(MTH)with an average body weight of(2434.42±157.40)g during the migratory stage before spawning were determined and analyzed,which provided references for the germplasm evaluation and rational development and utilization.There was 77.17%of moisture,17.18%of crude protein,4.69%of crude fat and 1.17%of ash in the muscle of MTH(fresh sample).18 kinds of amino acids were detected in muscle,of which the sum of essential amino acids(EAA)and semi-essential amino acids(SEAA)was close to half(49.75%)of the total amount of amino acids.The content of EAA met the scoring standard of FAO/WHO.Six types of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)were detected in the MTH muscle,with the total amount of 47.07%in the total fatty acid content.There were 9 types of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)in muscle,including the omega-3 PUFA(n-3 PUFA)types of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA,C20∶5n3)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA,C22∶6n3),and the two were relatively balanced and both accounting for5%~6%of the total fatty acid content.The ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acids(SFA)was 0.73,and the ratio of the omega-6 PUFA(n-6 PUFA)and n-3 PUFA was 0.31,which were much higher than the recommended standard for ideal diet.The potassium(K)content in MTH muscle was showed to be more than 10 times that of sodium(Na),indicating that it is a high-K and low-Na food.MTH muscle is rich in trace elements such as Zn,Fe,Cu,Se and Mn.In summary,MTH has high nutritional value and health care functions due to not only delicious,but also rich in essential amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids and a variety of trace elements.

关 键 词：三角鲂 黑龙江流域 营养成分 

分 类 号：TS254.7[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]