内地中学生对边疆民族文化元素多样性和中华民族共同性的感知——基于跨文化心理学普同观的问卷调查  

The Hinterland Middle School Students on the Frontier Ethnic Cultural Elements Diversity and Perception of the Commonality of the Chinese Nation——A Questionnaire Survey Based on the Common View of Cross-cultural Psychology

作　　者：常永才[1] 仲丹丹[1] 刘珂瑗 王朝晖[2] 杨靖 宋征莉 Chang Yong-cai;Zhong Dan-dan;Liu Ke-yuan;Wang Zhao-hui;Yang Jing;SONG Zheng-li(School of Education,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081;School of Foreign Studies,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Sichuan Tianquan Middle School,Yaan,Sichuan 625500)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学教育学院,北京100081 [2]中央民族大学外国语学院,北京100081 [3]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [4]四川省天全中学,四川雅安625500

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2022年第6期40-47,共8页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2018年度教育学课题“东部地区中学生族际互动态度与民族团结教育对策研究”(课题编号:BMA180035)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：当今针对内地汉族聚居地学生的中华民族共同体教育较为基础的课题是,帮助他们基于对边疆民族文化多样性的科学认识,进一步理解中华民族共同性。借鉴文化心理普同观,这种多民族国家内部的族际共同性,应包括基于生物性的心理和人文方面,故其概念分为四个维度:类似的生理—心理过程,类似的生存成长需求,类似的文化应对工具以及共享的文化交流成就。族际共同性问卷据此框架编制,边疆文化元素问卷则参考人类学文化概念。对内地9省26所普通中学2484名初高中学生有目的抽样调查发现:其对族际共同性的认识水平较高,但对边疆民族文化元素的感知较为片面和肤浅;二者间具有显著的正相关;女生在两方面明显高于男生,初高中生在大多数因子上的差异不显著。进一步分析表明,我国历史积淀的文化和合传统与现代的多元一体格局,使内地中学生对族际异同性的认识有良好的感知,这与新近联合国教科文组织倡导文化间性教育理论相通;内地学校教育须加强纳入边疆民族文化,并重视引导学生反思大众传媒对其片面表征存在的问题。未来研究应加强多学科知识和多种方法的运用。As a new growth point of ethnic education discipline,education on Chinese national community must attach importance to include students in hinterland regions and help them to scientifically understand the ethnic culture of the western frontier,especially to further understand the commonality of ethnic groups.The concept of inter ethnic commonality constructed based on John Berry’s cross cultural psychology includes four dimensions:similar biological-psychological potential,similar survival and growth needs,similar cultural response elements,and a new common culture formed by interaction.The questionnaire was tentatively drafted according to this framework.A questionnaire survey of 2,484 middle school students from 26 ordinary middle schools from nine hinterland provinces found that they have a high level of understanding of ethnic identity,but their cognition of ethnic cultural content in border regions is limited,and their understanding level towards inter-ethnic commonality has a significant positive correlation with the cognition of ethnic cultural content in border regions.Female students are significantly higher than male students in these two aspects.The high level of understanding of inter-ethnic commonality is due to the unity in diversity pattern of the Chinese nation and New China’s attaching great importance towards the influence of harmonious ethnic relations.School education should attach importance to guiding students to correctly treat the limitations of mass media’s conveying of frontier culture.

关 键 词：中华民族共同体教育 族际共同性 边疆文化元素 跨文化心理普同观 内地中学生 教育人类学 

分 类 号：G631[文化科学—教育学]