试论康德《判断力批判》中的“居间美学”  

On“Intermediate Aesthetics”in Kant's Critique of Judgment

作　　者：汪尧翀[1] Wang Yaochong(Institute of Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所

出　　处：《美学与艺术评论》2022年第1期15-33,276-277,共21页Journal of Aesthetics and Art Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“黑格尔与审美主义问题研究”(项目编号:19BZW016)阶段性成果

摘　　要：康德批判他之前的理性主义美学传统,创设趣味美学,开启了美学的主体化倾向,几成美学史定论。近年来,拜泽尔的研究另辟蹊径,认为趣味判断的彻底主观化在哲学上并不充分,故而康德的审美理性主义批判不足取,但这种驳论主要依据的是《判断力批判》上半部“审美判断力批判”。《判断力批判》下半部主要涉及目的论学说。按照黑格尔-科耶夫的解释,康德的自然目的论学说旨在为道德神学做预备,构成了“第三批判”的真正旨归。因此,追问何为康德真正的“美学”,不可回避考量“第三批判”在康德体系中的定位及特殊性。如果从合理的特定(黑格尔-马克思)视角重新审视《判断力批判》,便可以发现目的论批判蕴含了远比趣味美学更重要的美学的可能性。美学的这一可能性范式不妨称之为“居间美学”,开启了分析“自然”在特定社会—历史中介之中的“表达”的意义的未来可能性。Kant criticized the tradition of Aesthetic Rationalism before him and created the Aesthetics of Taste,which initiated the tendency of subjectivation in Aesthetics and almost became final conclusion in the history of Aesthetics.In recent years,Frederick C.Beiser has taken a different approach,arguing that the complete subjectivation in the judgment of taste is not philosophically sufficient,and therefore Kant's critique of Aesthetic Rationalism is not sufficient,but this critique is mainly based on the first part of Critique of Aesthetic Judgement and not on the second part of Critique of Teleological Judgement.According to Hegel-Kojève's interpretation,Kant's doctrine of Natural Purpose is intended as a preparation for Moral Theology,which constitutes the real purpose of the“Third Critique”.Therefore,to ask what is Kant's true“Aesthetics”,we cannot avoid considering the position and specificity of the“Third Critique”in Kant's system.If we re-examine the Critique of Judgment from Hegelian-Marxian perspective,we can find that Critique of Teleological Judgement contains more important possibility of Aesthetic than Critique of Aesthetic Judgement.This paradigm of Aesthetic,which might be called“Intermediate Aesthetics,”opens up future possibilities for analyzing the meaning of the“expression”of“nature”within a specific socio-historical mediation.

关 键 词：康德 黑格尔 第三批判 目的论 居间美学 

分 类 号：B83-0[哲学宗教—美学]