《周易·咸卦》与中国审美时间哲学之创立  

Xian Diagram in Zhou Yi and the Establishment of the Philosophy of Time for Chinese Aesthetics

作　　者：刘彦顺 Liu Yanshun(School of Literature at Jinan University)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院

出　　处：《美学与艺术评论》2020年第2期15-29,223-224,共17页Journal of Aesthetics and Art Review

摘　　要：中国古典美学思想成熟而系统,对五大感官所涉六大审美对象都有全面肯定的雍容态度。《周易·咸卦》针对的是人际之间的审美对象及其审美生活,它对少男少女欢爱审美共同体的审美生活之意义、构成方式、显现状态都有卓越建树。第一,就意义而论,《咸卦》揭示了夫妇—审美生活不可遏止的身体本能冲动以及冲动得以充实的时机与时宜。第二,就构成方式而论,《咸卦》揭示了审美生活在构成方式上的绝对意向性,尤其是使用"咸"这一卦辞,使用"往来""朋从"等爻辞,精彩地传达出构成方式上的同时性、同步性。第三,就显现状态而论,《咸卦》揭示了审美生活的时态与时体之奥理:从时态来看,此卦通过描述这一精湛手艺,生动地显现了身体—感官之愉悦感觉的正在进行时之兴发性时态,彰显其原发性、一次性的根本特性。从时体来看,此卦彰显了审美生活作为时间意识的流畅性。以上所论审美生活之意义—时机、构成方式的同时性、显现状态上的正在进行时之时态与流畅无碍之时体,都共同形成且标志着中国审美时间哲学在《周易·咸卦》中的创立。同时,本文还对《咸卦》对审美生活之时机、同时性、时态与时体在美学语法和美学概念群簇上的体现做了阐发。China boasts mature and systematic classical aesthetics,which holds a graceful and poised attitude to fully recognize the six major aesthetic subjects of the five senses.Xian Diagram in Zhou Yi focuses on interpersonal aesthetic subjects and their aesthetic lives,and provides insights into the aesthetic meaning,way of composition and display state of the aesthetic community of young lovers.In terms of the aesthetic meaning,Xian Diagram reveals the irresistible instinctive desires in conjugal aesthetical life,as well as the opportune moments and appropriate occasions to have such desires met.In terms of the way of composition,Xian Diagram demonstrates the absolute intentionality of how aesthetic life is composed.In particular,this chapter,with the diagram of"Xian"as the theme,describes the topic with comments such as"Wang Lai"(meaning"unsettled in movements")and"Peng Cong"(meaning"followed by friends")and skillfully showcases the simultaneity and synchronicity of its way of composition.In terms of the display state,Xian Diagram unveils the profound secrets of the tense and aspect of aesthetic life.From the perspective of the tense,through description,this diagram vividly showcases the ongoing state of sensual pleasures underway,demonstrating its idiopathic and one-time fundamental nature.From the perspective of the aspect,this diagram manifests the fluidity of aesthetic life as a consciousness of time.The aforesaid simultaneity of the meaning,opportune moments,and way of composition of aesthetic life,the ongoing tense of display state and the aspect of fluidity together make up the philosophy of time for Chinese aesthetics.Moreover,this paper also expounds on the manifestation of the opportune moments,simultaneity,tense and aspect of aesthetic life in aesthetic grammar and aesthetic concept cluster.

关 键 词：《周易·咸卦》 中国审美时间哲学 时机 同时性 时态 时体 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B83-0