“一切物化皆为遗忘”:本雅明、阿多诺与物化辩证法  

“All Reification Is Oblivion”:Benjamin,Adorno,and the Dialectic of Reification

作　　者： 魏清高(译) 李永新(译)[2] Thijs Lijster;Qinggao WEI(Translated);Yongxin LI(Translated)(University of Groningen;Nanjing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]荷兰格罗宁根大学人文学院、社会艺术研究中心 [2]南京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《马克思主义美学研究》2023年第2期170-182,482,共14页Research on Marxist Aesthetics

基　　金：2023年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“阿多诺美学中的语言思想研究”(KYCX23_1609)阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文基于马克思主义美学的视域,考察本雅明、阿多诺对卢卡奇物化理论的批评,将两人的美学思想同物化理论相结合,认为他们发展出一种独特的物化辩证法。文章指出:首先,在对物化概念的讨论中,阿多诺对本雅明的批评不符合本雅明的原意。本雅明的物化辩证法实际上在其寄喻理论中已显出雏形。其次,本雅明在《德意志悲苦剧的起源》中发展出的“寄喻”的两极——“神圣化”与“贬值”,蕴含着马克思的商品拜物教精神。这种寄喻理论复现于《拱廊街计划》里的收藏家形象,并在美学意义上影响了“星丛”的出现。最后,阿多诺实则运用了本雅明的物化辩证法来拯救自律艺术的理念与审美体验。在《美学理论》中,艺术在物化中悖论性地接近自然美,自然的异质性与“非人性”特质通过物化过程得到彰显。在揭示出不同思想之间的互动影响关系的基础上,文章以两人的物化辩证法重新审思现代社会问题,认为该理论强调了客体的谜语特性,指明了承认主客体差异的必要性,有利于抑制流动性、动态性及游牧主义倾向的泛滥,并对跨人文主义与后人类主义思想形成了冲击。Rooted in the perspective of Marxist Aesthetics,this paper examines the criticism of Benjamin and Adomo on Lukács’s critique of reification,combines their aesthetic thoughts with the critique of reification,and holds that they have developed a unique Dialectic of Reification.First of all,in the discussion of the concept of reification,Adorno’s criticism of Benjamin does not accord with Benjamin’s original meaning.In fact,Benjamin’s thought about reification has shown its embryonic form in his theory of Allegory.Secondly,the two poles of allegory—devaluation(Entwertung)and sanctification(Erhebung)—developed by Benjamin in the Trauerspiel book contain Marx’s spirit of commodity fetishism.This theory of allegory reappears in the Collector in The Arcade Project and influences the appearance of the Constellation in an aesthetic sense.Finally,Adomo deployed the Benjaminian dialectic of reification to rescue the idea of autonomous art and the aesthetic experience.In Aesthetic Theory,art paradoxically approaches the beauty of nature in its very reification,and the heterogeneity and‘inhuman’character of nature are manifested through the reification process.On the basis of revealing the interaction and influence between different thoughts,this paper reconsiders the modem social problems with dialectic of reification,and holds that this theory emphasizes the inscrutability of the object and points out the necessity of recognizing the difference between subject and object.It can help to restrain the trend of fluidity,dynamics and nomadism,and has an impact on the trans-and post-humanist thoughts.

关 键 词：马克思主义 物化 本雅明 阿多诺 卢卡奇 

分 类 号：B83-0[哲学宗教—美学]