多代理人模式下高等教育评估的道德风险规避  

Morality Hazard Avoidance in Higher Education Evaluation Under Multi-agent Mode

作　　者：孙阳春[1] 徐安琪 朱莲花[2] SUN Yangchun;XU Anqi;ZHU Lianhua(Dalian University of Technology,Dalian Liaoning 116024)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学高等教育研究院教育基本理论研究所,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连理工大学高等教育研究院

出　　处：《现代教育管理》2021年第2期70-76,共7页Modern Education Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(教育学)一般课题“管办评分离体制下第三方教育评估的道德风险防范研究”(BIA170163)

摘　　要：有效的高等教育评估对高等教育质量保障具有重要意义。管办评分离改革之后,为保障高等教育评估的效果,开始由高等教育评估机构作为代理人来实施高等教育评估,并在评估过程中形成委托代理关系。在这种委托代理关系中生成了两种多代理人模式:一种是"分阶段"代理,将一项高等教育评估工作分成不同阶段交于不同评估机构完成;另一种是"同时"代理,将同一任务交给多个高等教育评估机构同时进行。在多代理人模式下,高等教育评估机构可能会产生向高校寻租、"努力水平低"甚至是"同行合谋"的道德风险。从理论上看,同行竞争、横向监督、消除噪声等风险规避机制可以有效降低高等教育评估中的道德风险。因此,在高等教育评估中,可以通过培育多元多方的教育评估机构、建立机构间的良性竞争和相互监督制度的手段来保障高等教育评估的有效性,使多代理人模式成为防范高等教育评估道德风险的有效选择。Effective education evaluation is of great significance to higher education quality assurance.After the separation reform of management,running and evaluation,higher education evaluation institutions began to perform higher education evaluation tasks as agents,and a principal-agent relationship was formed in the process in order to ensure the effect of higher education evaluation.Two multi-agent forms are generated in this principal-agent relationship:one is"staged"agency form,which divides one educational evaluation task into different stages and distributes them to different evaluation institutions,and the other is"simultaneous"agency form,which distributes the same task to multiple higher education evaluation institutions for simultaneous conduct.Under the multi-agent mode,higher education evaluation institutions may cause morality hazards such as rent-seeking,"low effort level"or even"collusion with peers".Theoretically,mechanisms such as peer competition,horizontal supervision,and noise elimination can effectively reduce morality hazards in higher education evaluation.Therefore,effective education evaluation can be guaranteed by cultivating diversified educational evaluation institutions,establishing a healthy competition system and mutual supervision systems between institutions,so as to make the multi-agent model an effective choice to avoid morality hazards in higher education evaluation.

关 键 词：管办评分离 教育评估 教育评价 评价制度 风险管理 

分 类 号：G649.21[文化科学—高等教育学]