性善论的诞生  

The Birth of the Theory“Human Nature is Good”

作　　者：末永高康 佐藤将之(监译)[2] Takayasu Suenaga;Masayuki Sato(Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Hiroshima University,Hiroshima 739-8511,Japan;Department of Philosophy,Taiwan University,Taibei 10617,China)

机构地区：[1]日本广岛大学 [2]台湾大学哲学系,中国

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2022年第6期99-112,共14页Science Economy Society

摘　　要：20世纪末以来的新出土文献带来了新的知识与见解。基于此新知见,对孟子性善论的形成过程有一系列论考,本文即相当于其结论部分。《性自命出》《五行》及“中庸新本”中虽然也有可以称之为性善论的思考模式,但主要建立在“性即气”的思考上。孟子打破了这种“性即气”的思考,而往“心”所选择的齐一性之中寻求“性”的齐一性,从而构建了他的性善论。以子思思想的展开为轴心,阐明基于“性即气”思考的性善论的成立过程;另外,也进一步探讨孟子是如何改写子思思想,从而发展出他自己的性善论的。This article concludes my studies on the formation of Mencius’theory of“Human nature is good,”using Guodian Chu bamboo texts discovered in the early 1990s.From The Treatise on Human Nature come down from the Mandate,The Five Virtues and the most recent addition to The Doctrine of the Mean,we can draw the notion that“Human nature is good.”However,such a manner of thinking was based on another idea,namely,“Human nature is vital breath.”Thus,Mencius overcame such a mode of thinking.He sought the universality of human nature on the basis of his conviction that the minds and hearts of all should prefer the same things.This article,while regarding Zi Si’s work as pivotal in the development of early Confucian thought,attempts to demonstrate how Mencius’theory of“Human nature is good”was based on the idea that“Human nature is vital breath.”This article also discusses how Mencius developed his own tenet,which perceives human nature as naturally good,by transforming Zi Si’s beliefs.

关 键 词：性善论 子思 孟子 《性自命出》 《五行》 《中庸》 

分 类 号：B82-061[哲学宗教—伦理学]