下向因果性与附生性——论金宰权对突现论的反对  

Downward Causality and Supervenience──On the Kim Jaegwon's Argument Against the Emergentism

作　　者：邢如萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院,山西太原030012

出　　处：《系统科学学报》2009年第2期6-11,19,共7页Chinese Journal of Systems Science

基　　金：项目名称:2006年教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划.项目号:教技函[2007]5号

摘　　要：物理主义的突现论与还原论之争是旷日持久的。还原论者有强烈的愿望为不同领域的学科提供一种统一、简单的说明,并建立各种各样的还原模型。作为还原论的反对者之一,突现论的命运出现了转机,借助于自然科学研究事实,坚持同一系列事件或属性之间有某种不相容性。在认识论和本体论方面存在物质和属性有别于其基础的、低层次的物质和属性,主张用突现性来描述和解释这些现象之间的关联性。文章在介绍还原论的附生性论题和突现论的下向因果性主张的基础上,进一步分析金宰权在其还原论主张中提出的以消解下向因果性为目的的两个著名论题,指出其论证过程中存在的问题和不足。文章认为突现性完全可以避免金宰权所设的"副现象或还原"的两难困境。The history of the debate between emergentists and reductionists has been long,in which reductionists desire to offer a coherent and unified discourse in science,while emergentists have a willingness to live with a seemingly incompatible discourses supports the emergence of properties and events. In this paper,the author introduces the supervenience of reductionism and downward causality of emergence,analyses that Kim Jaegwon's two famous theses aimed at dispelling downward causality in Kim's points about emergence and points out that problems and deficiency in Kim's demonstration process. It is concluded that emergence could avoid the dilemma of epiphenomenalism or reduction.

关 键 词：还原论 突现性 附生性 下向因果性 金宰权 

分 类 号：N94-02[自然科学总论—系统科学]