美国手语的语法特点及使用简介  

A Brief Introduction to Grammar Rules of American Sign Language

作　　者：兰继军[1] 陈少毅[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学,710062 [2]西安聋人艺术职业学校

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2001年第2期57-61,共5页Chinese Journal of Special Education

摘　　要：美国手语既不同于英语 ,也不同于手势代码英语 ,它有着自己独特的语法规则和使用要求。如在句子的语序上和书面语言、口语不同 ,聋人往往将需要强调的内容放在最后。在使用动词时根据其方向性分为单一方向、多向和无方向性三类。动词的时态需要用表示特定时间的手势来说明。在将手势组成句子时 ,按主题说明式、因果关系和刺激反应式、真实时间顺序式和从总体到具体的句型。作为一种视觉语言 ,它更强调用面部表情、体态语言等配合手势表达情意。如在表达否定思想时伴以摇头 ;在于聋人进行交往时要考虑光线、位置、动作的方向等因素 ;在有必要使用指拼时 ,双方都要以单词为单位来表达感知。American Sign Language has its own grammar rules which are quite different with those of English or MCEs. For example, the order of sentences are not the same as in the spoken and written English. The deaf often put the most important parts at the end of a sentence. There are three kinds of werbs: one-direction, multi- direction and non- direction. The tenses have to be showed by some specific signs. When the deaf make sentences, they organize the sentences in four ways: subject-describe ones, reason-result ones,real time order ones and colletivity-part. As a kind of visual language, the ASL are made up of facial expressing, body language and signs.Forexample,by shaking hand to show negative; using the light, position and direction in communication. When necessary, the finger spelling is used. Then the deaf spell the sentences by words, not by letter.Only this, can we communicate better with the deaf.

关 键 词：美国手语 聋人 视觉语言 语法 

分 类 号：G76[文化科学—特殊教育学]