道德的优劣之辩——国民总体品德培养方法(3)  

Moral Good or Moral Evil:Methods to Promote National Moral Character(3)

作　　者：王海明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《玉溪师范学院学报》2010年第9期1-7,共7页Journal of Yuxi Normal University

基　　金："北京大学创建世界一流大学计划"经费资助

摘　　要：如果一个国家奉行义务论和利他主义以及专制主义道德,那么,该国所奉行的道德,就其基础或核心来说,便是最恶劣道德,因而不论其余道德如何,该国所奉行的都是最恶劣的道德:一方面,它对于国民的压抑、限制和损害必定极大,而给国民的利益和快乐必定极少;另一方面,它必定背离行为的客观本性而难以被每个人实行。于是,人们遵守这种道德从而做一个有美德的人的动力、欲望、动机和意志便必定极其弱小,因而他们的品德必定极其恶劣。反之,如果一个国家奉行功利主义和己他两利主义以及人道主义、自由主义和平等主义道德,那么,该国所奉行的道德,就其基础或核心来说,便是最优良的道德,因而不论其余道德如何,该国所奉行的都是最优良道德:一方面,它对国民的压抑、限制和损害必定极少,而给予国民的利益和快乐必定极多;另一方面,它必定符合行为的客观本性因而易于被每个人实行。于是,人们遵守这种道德从而做一个有美德的人的动力、欲望、动机和意志必定极其强大,因而他们的品德必定高尚。A country that pursues a morality of obligation,altruism and autarchy pursues the worst evil morals at the base and core.Regardless of its other morals,this country is pursuing the worst evil morality,whereby the oppression,restriction and harm toward its people will be utmost,and benefit and happiness will be minimal.In addition,as it is against the nature,it cannot be practiced by everyone.So,people lose the impetus,the motivation,the desire to be a man of morality,and they inevitably become evil.On the contrary,a country that pursues a morality of utilitarianism,ego-altruism,humanism,liberalism and equalitarianism pursues the best good morals at the base and core.Regardless of its other morals,this country is pursuing the best morality,whereby the oppression,restriction and harm toward its people will be minimal,and benefit and happiness will be utmost.In addition,as it is in the nature,it is easy to be practiced by everyone.So,people have the impetus,the motivation,the desire to be a man of morality,and they inevitably become good.

关 键 词：必要恶 道德终极标准 优良道德 恶劣道德 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]