高速列车空气阻力测量分析方法  

Measurement Method for the Air Resistance of High Speed Train

作　　者：康熊[1] 曾宇清[1] 张波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2012年第5期54-59,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院行业服务技术创新项目(2011YJ27)

摘　　要：为从高速列车阻力中分离出空气阻力和其他阻力,基于空气阻力与列车质量基本无关、其他阻力与列车质量成正比的假设,以及列车满载和空载状态下的惰行工况阻力测量数据,建立列车空气阻力、其他阻力、质量和速度的关联方程组,并对空气阻力项施加过零点且单调递增的约束,从而得到高速列车的空气阻力及其他阻力的计算公式;然后采用速度—加速度拟合和基于时间—速度曲线的列车阻力优化2种方法对CRH3型高速动车组的空气阻力进行分析。研究结果表明:利用空气阻力与列车质量基本无关、其他阻力与列车质量成正比的工程假设,可实现高速列车空气阻力与其他阻力的解耦及耦合分析;CRH3型动车组的空气阻力和其他阻力算式中均包含了与列车速度有关的二次项和一次项,但在空气阻力算式中与列车速度有关的一次项数值很小,可以忽略不计;对高速列车而言,采用列车总阻力的形式较采用列车单位基本阻力的形式更能准确地表达列车阻力的特性。To decouple air resistance and other resistance from the resistance of high speed train, based on the assumption that air resistance is independent of train mass while other resistance is proportional to train mass, correlation equations were built among air resistance, other resistance, train mass and speed using the resistance measurement data of idling condition under the full and empty load of train. Such restrictions as zero crossing point and monotone increasing were imposed on air resistance term, and accordingly the formula was obtained for calculating air resistance and other resistance of high speed train. The air resistance of CRH3 EMU was analyzed using speed-acceleration fitting method and time-speed curve based train resistance optimization method. The results show that, based on the engineering assumption that air resistance is independent of train mass while other resistance is proportional to train mass, can achieve the decoupling of the air resistance from other resistance and coupling analysis. Both the quadratic term and linear term related to train speed are included in the equations for the air resistance and other resistance of CRH3 EMU. However, the linear term related to train speed in air resistance equation is rather small and can be ignored. For high speed train, train total resistance can describe the characteristics of train's resistance more accurately than unit basic resistance.

关 键 词：高速列车 列车阻力 空气阻力 其他阻力 质量 速度 

分 类 号：U260.131[机械工程—车辆工程]