诽谤、舆论监督权与宪法第41条的规范意旨  

On the Normative Intention of Defamation, the Right of Supervision and the 41st Clause of the Constitution

作　　者：石毕凡[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2013年第4期79-85,152+157,共9页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家"211工程"三期重点学科建设项目"转型期法治的理论;制度与实证研究"的资助

摘　　要：保护公民和媒体的舆论监督权是当代中国民主法治建设的价值目标之一。不断涌现的"诽谤官员案",揭示出刑法第246条但书条款规定的诽谤罪公诉程序与宪法第41条明确保护的舆论监督权之间存在难以回避的冲突。立足于现代立宪主义视角,只有实现诽谤去公诉化,且在公职人员提起的刑事自诉或名誉侵权诉讼中适度引入"实际恶意"原则,才能切实保障舆论监督权,从而在公职人员的名誉权和舆论监督权之间达至平衡。舆论监督攸关公共利益和民主政治发展,应成为被告有力的抗辩事由。Protecting the right of supervision is one of valuable objectives of the construction of democracy and the rule of law in China. 'Defaming officials cases' revealed the conflicts between the right of supervision in the 41st clause of the Constitution and the prosecution procedure of defamation in the 246th clause of the criminal law. Only defamation is not to be prosecuted, and introducing 'actual malice' principle in a private prosecution or reputation tort lawsuit, the right of supervision can be protected effectively, and the balance between the right of reputation of officials and the right of supervision can be fulfilled. Supervision by public opinion is a case of public interest and development of democratic politics, and should become the justifications for the defendants.

关 键 词：诽谤 舆论监督权 名誉权 宪法第41条 实际恶意 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]