一部拓跋鲜卑的别史——略论《洛阳伽蓝记》史学价值  

Another History of the Tuoba-Xianbei Ethnic Group ——A Brief Discussion on the Historical Value of the `Luoyang Qielan Ji' (Buddhist Monasteries in Luoyang)

作　　者：白翠琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族研究所

出　　处：《民族研究》1999年第6期87-93,110,共8页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：本文认为杨之在撰写《洛阳伽蓝记》时 ,既重视有关文献记载 ,又注意实地调查 ,采摭旧闻 ,追叙古迹 ,实录成书 ,其记述丰富 ,可信程度高 ,史料弥足珍贵 ;不是孤立地专记佛教寺塔兴废 ,而是以寺庙名胜为纲 ,穿插许多故事 ,与洛阳都市盛衰、拓跋鲜卑所建王朝兴亡联系起来论述 ,深刻地反映了北魏时期佛教文化、社会经济、生活风貌、民族关系以及政局变幻 ,其中不少资料可补《魏书》之不足 ,并为《资治通鉴》等所采用 ;既以细腻的笔触描述了洛阳城内外伽蓝的结构、帝都风物、庭园景色 ,又精炼生动地记载了尔朱氏跋扈等历史事件及拓跋贵族穷奢极欲的生活状况 ,寓严肃的历史题材于文学记叙的笔法之中 ,体例明晰 ,繁简得宜 ,文史并茂 ,在中国史学史上占有一定地位。This article holds that when Yang Xuanzhi wrote the book of 'Luo-Yang Qielan Ji'(Buddhist Monasteries in Luoyang) he paid much attention to both the relevant document records and on-the -spot investigations, gathered old stories, told the past of historic sites and recorded them in his book as things really were, so the `luoyang Qielan Ji' has substantial content and a vast amount of believable and valuable historical materials; this book does not specially describes the flourishing and declining of Buddhist monasteries and pagodas in isolation, but takes famous temples and monasteries as key links, Weaving in a lot of stories, in expounding the urban prosperity and Waning of the Luoyang City ,and the rise and collapse of the dynasty founded by the Tuoba-Xianbei economy,group,thus profoundly reflects the Buddhist culture,social economy,life style, ethnic relations and changes of political scene in the period of Northern Wei(383-534),in which a lot of materials can remedy the deficiency of `Wei Shu'(Annals of the Wei period) and were adopted in `Zi Zhi Tong Jian';`Luoyang Qielan Ji'describes with an exquisite style of writing the structures of Buddhist monasteries inside and outside the City of Luoyang, the scenery of imperial capital, flower gardens' scene, and records with succint and lively written language the historical incidents such as the Erzhu family's domineering and the Tuoba aristocrats' life of wanton extravagance, containing serious historical facts in vivid description of literature with a clear style and proper coverage, it is excellent as either a work of literature or a history ,and naturally occupies a fairly important place in the history of China's historiography.

关 键 词：《洛阳伽蓝记》 拓跋鲜卑 《洛阳伽蓝记校注》 北魏后期 洛阳城 文化交流 汉族士人 尔朱荣 北魏王朝 胡太后 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]