莫高窟第249、285窟狩猎图似是不律仪变相  

The Paintings of Hunting of the Mogao Caves 249 and 285 Based on Bad Rules and Customs of Buddhist Discipline

作　　者：梁尉英 

出　　处：《敦煌研究》1997年第4期3-13,187,共12页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：莫高窟第２４９、２８５窟狩猎图似是不律仪变相梁尉英敦煌莫高窟西魏第２４９窟主室顶南北披下部和第２８５窟主室顶四披下部都绘山川草木，或禅定僧或天众，其中又绘射杀虎鹿牛的狩猎图和杀猪的屠宰图（图版１、２）。关于上述狩猎图和屠宰图，以往的论者只称名为狩猎图...The paintings of hunting on the lower part of the northern side of the ceiling of Cave 249 and on the lower parts of four sides of the ceiling of Cave 285 have Buddhist significance. Buddhist discipline contains both good and bad rules and customs.Mahaparinirvana sūtra gives us all sorts of bad rules and customs.Among them, the act of killing the livingthings is the worst one .Hunters and butchers are the typical representatives who do things by the bad or evil rules and customs.The paintings in caves 249 and 285 have profound implication.They insinuate that hunters and butchers are the monks who broke a religious precept,Mārapāpiyas; a prince of the Divils and the Emperor of Taiwu of the Western Wei who issued the orders to ban the Buddhist faith .The deer skipping three times implies the man who believes in Buddha,Dharma and Sangha.The paintings of the Buddhist discipine painted in a metaphor reflect that the cultivation and meditation according to Buddhist doctrine were paid more attention in the Northern Dynasties.

关 键 词：涅般木 中国佛教史 北魏太武帝灭佛 《大方便佛报恩经》 《洛阳伽蓝记》 末法思想 戒律 农民起义 僧尼 敦煌莫高窟 

分 类 号：K879.21[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]