6—11岁儿童的因果判断:(1)时间和空间因素的作用初探  

6-11-yr Olds'Judgement of Causality:I.A Preliminary Study of the Roles of Temporal and Spatial Factors

作　　者：刘范[1] 方富熹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所

出　　处：《心理科学通讯》1986年第6期3-11,66,共10页

摘　　要：因果性是客观世界多种事物普遍的相互依存的一种形式。通过客观存在的因果制约,自然和社会的种种现象保持其固有的秩序。人类个体认识客观世界,有赖于对事物间的因果联系的了解;科学的认识的一个任务,是揭示事物间的因果联系。皮亚杰区分出儿童关于因果的看法的十七种类型,标志其因果性慨念的演进。他认为最初的因果性是充满主观的成分的,5。A red and a blue table tennis ballmoves successively from left to rightat the same speed,respectively througha horizontal leak at the same level,oneright and the other left.The distancebetween the two leaks and the intervalbetween the presentation of the twoballs are both adjustable.Tested are9 time intervals 0.1-3.0 sec,and also5 distances 30-90 cm.The task forthe children at the ages of 6,7,9and 11 yrs is to judge if the movementof the blue ball is caused by a collisionby the red or something else.As theresults show,in children's cognitionof causality the role of the temporalfactor is more significant than that ofthe spatial factor;causal judgementdevelops rapidly during the ages of9-11;the development of causal judge-ment consists of not only the change ofthe role of some single factor,butalso that of the relation among factors;psychological causality is not found.

关 键 词：儿童 因果判断 皮亚杰 实验研究 个体认识 认知发展 客观存在 因果推理 线索 因果关系 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]