4—7岁儿童掌握量词的特点  

Characteristics of 4-to-7-yr-old Children in Mastering Quantitatives

作　　者：应厚昌 陈国鹏[1] 宋正国[1] 邵渭冥 郭英[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理学系 [2]上海市徐汇区教师进修学院

出　　处：《心理科学通讯》1983年第6期26-34,65-66,共11页

摘　　要：一、引言量词是表示事物或动作单位的词。它按表示事物单位和表示动作单位的不同而分成物量词和动量词两大类。大类中又可分成若干小类,如物量词可根据其使用特点分成个体量词、临时量词和集合量词等等。量词运用的普遍化和多样化是汉语的一大特点。不可计数的事物需通过量词的表达变成可计数的,这是一般语种都共同的,但可计数的事物也需用量词则是汉语所特有的;In the Chinese language,quantitativesare not only used with uncountable objects,but are also used with countable objects,and there is no explicit rule about theircollocation.Because of this,it is ratherdefficult for young children to masterquantitatives.In this study,179 childrenaged bettween 4 and 7 years were testedin order to find out how they learn indi-vidual,temporary and collective quanti-tatives.The results show that thechildren's achievement increases with their growth and there is a certain orderin their achievement.4-year-olds canonly master a few number of popularindividual quantitatives,and they tendto overuse them.There was a rapid in-crease in the rate of mastering individualquantitatives in the 5-year-old group,and the children in this group began tomaster temporary and collective quanti-tatives.The 6-and T-year-olds had bas-ically mastered popular individual quanti-tatives,and the rates of the correct useof temporary and collective quantitativesincreased rapidly.This study shows thatchildren's mastery of quantitatives iscorrelated with the levels of their cog-nitive development and with their expe-riences.

关 键 词：儿童 正确率 心理学 动量词 临时量词 等级分布 个体量词 使用特点 作业 百分比 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]