上海地区大学生发散性思维的测试研究  

A Research on Divergent Thinking Test of University Students in Shanghai

作　　者：潘洁 金炜 赵敏 俞强 徐成芳 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理学系

出　　处：《心理科学通讯》1983年第4期30-38,66-67,共11页

摘　　要：问题的提出早在1918年,吴伟士(Woodworth)曾使用过发散性思维和集中性思维的概念;斯皮尔曼(Spearman,1927)、卡推尔(Cattell)曾研究过流畅性因素;塞斯顿(Thurstone,1938)、泰罗(Taylor 1947)、弗勒克特(Fruchter,1948)等对词的流畅性、观念流畅性和联想流畅性作过研究;在加纳特(Garnelt,1919)、哈格雷夫斯(Hargreaves,1927)、塞斯顿(1938)等人的智力研究中,对变通性和独特性已有所触及。本世纪,五十年代美国南加州大学心理学家吉尔福特Guilford)提出了著名的智力结构模型,他认为,人类智力不仅内容有别,而且操作方式均有不同,产品也彼此各异,由此构想出一个由操作、内容、产品三个参数组成的三维智力模式。在操作这一维度上,提出有认知、记忆、聚合性思维、The main aim of this article is toreport the results of the divergent think- ing test of university students in Shang-hai.The results of our research are asfollows:1.According to the results obtainedfrom the 18 test problems about figure,symbol and semantics,university stu-dents in shanghai have an ability in flu-ency,flexibility and originality of diver-gent thinking,though the individual dif-ferences are guite obvious.This is animportant characteristic of their diver-gent thinking.2.Between the three traits of diver-gent thinking of university students thereis a general tendency.When the scoresof fluency are the highest,flexibility isrelatively less,and originality the lowest.This might be another important chara-cteristic of their divergent thinking.3.In thc tests originality plays agreat role in creative thinking.But onlya few subjects do well on the tests oforiginality.4.Divergent thinking is influencednot only by intllectual factors,but alsoby some non-intellectual factors such asmotivation,knowledge,and sexuality.

关 键 词：测试研究 发散性思维 二年级 中学生 变通性 流畅性 大学生 上海地区 独特性 产品 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]