劳动者在现代资本主义生产中的作用和动力——从战后西欧经济发展历程引出的思索  

The Role and Motive Force of the Labourer in Capitalist Production—an Idea from the Analysis of the Process of the Economic Development in the Postwar Westorn Europe

作　　者：朱正圻 

机构地区：[1]上海市国际问题研究所

出　　处：《欧洲研究》1990年第6期11-15,63-64,共7页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：本文探讨在当代资本主义生产关系中,人作为劳动者的作用和动力。当代资本主义社会发展的根本动力在于生产力中科学技术的进步和劳动力素质的提高。为适应科技迅速发展的新时代的需要,劳动者在生产中的作用有了显著变化,智能劳动在劳动全过程中的比例增加,劳动者的作用以及对创造新财富的贡献相应扩大。科学技术的进步使生产力的主要因素——劳动力的智力水平、文化技术素质、在劳动过程中的活动方式都起了变化,对劳动者的觉悟和组织程度及社会力量对比变化都产生了重要影响。由于战后资本主义国家的发展,劳动人民的物质生活需求获得不同程度的满足,进而追求社会需求的满足,即希望自己的体力和脑力获得舒张、发展的机会。"共同决策"、"民主参与"成为西欧国家中比较流行的一种社会概念和社会现实。The article probes into the role played andmotive force produced by the labourer in the contemporary capitalist productionrelations.The fundamental motive forces in the contemporary capitalist societylie in the progress of the science and technology and have enhanced the qualityof the labour force in the productive forces.In order to meet the demand of therapid development of science and technology in the new era,the labourer hasplayed a comparatively bigger role in production and made greater contributionsto creating new wealth as intellectural labour has constituted an increasingpercentage in the whole process of labour.The progress of science and tech-nology has made changes on the labourer—the major factor of productive forces.These changes have taken place in the intellectural level and technical skillsof the labourer and the operating forms in the process of labour.They have exerted an important influence on the consciousness and organizational levelof the labourer and the balance of the social forces.Due to the developmentof the capitalist nations during the postwar period,the needs for matertiallife by the labouring people were satisfied in varying degrees.Therefore theybegan to make their social demands satisfied.In other word,they wished togain the opportunities to release and develop fully both their physical andmental powers.Such prevalent terms as'common decision-making'and 'demo-cratic participation'are nothing but the reflection of this social concept andreality in the West European countries.

关 键 词：劳动者 科学技术 资本主义生产 资本主义制度 民主参与 生产过程 组织程度 力量对比 全过程 生产力 

分 类 号：D75[政治法律—政治学] F15[政治法律—中外政治制度]