和内省有关的几个问题  

SOME THOUGHTS ON INTROSPECTI0N

作　　者：陈舒永 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理系

出　　处：《心理学报》1988年第2期113-117,共5页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：本文指出内省有各种各样的,不宜不加区别地赞成或反对内省。一直受到批评的只是古典内省,而这种内省在铁钦纳1927年逝世以后,在实验室中已经无人使用。现在还经常使用的内省,如被试对刺激的评价或判断等,包括激进的行为主义者在内,从来没人反对过,并且已成为心理实验的惯例。作者认为被试只能报告他心理过程的结果,要求他报告出心理过程本身实际上是不可能的。如果在赞成和反对哪种内省方面没有重大分歧,可否采取求同存异的原则,对其它枝节问题先放一放,等到新的事实累积多些时,再来讨论这个问题?This paper argues that introspection is of various kinds. We shouldnot stand for or be against it indiscriminately. The introspection that wasconsistently subjected to criticism is the classical kind which has beendisused in laboratory practice since E. B. Titchener passed away in 1927.The introspection still generally used in psychological experiments, e. g.the subjects' evaluation or judgment of stimuli, has never been disappro-ved by anyone including the radical behaviorists. In fact, it has becomea laboratory routine. The subject could only report the results of hismental processes, not his mental processes per se. If there are no majordifferences in principle in the identification of introspection, we mighttreat the minor issues by adopting the principle of seeking commonground while reserving trivial differences. It is high time to put off thelong-standing debates over introspection until more new facts aboutthis topic become available.

关 键 词：行为主义 高级心理过程 解决问题 心理实验 铁钦纳 社会心理学 研究心理 心理现象 口头报告 认知过程 

分 类 号：B[哲学宗教]