视场亮度变化对视觉对比感受性的影响  

CHANGES IN LUMINANCE OF VISUAL FIELD AND CONTRAST SENSITIVITY

作　　者：焦书兰[1] 荆其诚[1] 喻柏林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所

出　　处：《心理学报》1979年第1期47-54,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：前 言 人的视觉系统对一定视场亮度适应以后,视场亮度突然改变产生视觉的调整过程,表现为对比感受性的变化。这是生活实践中经常遇到的情形。比如,汽车司机突然从亮度较高的公路照明转向较暗的公路照明;仪表监视人员在看了暗的环境之后,突然阅读亮度高的仪表板;工厂的工人在注视了亮度高的对象之后,有时须将眼睛移向较暗的工作对象。所有上述情况对视觉感受性造成的影响,我们称为过渡适应效果。After prolonged observation of a visual task visual performance isaffected by sudden changes in luminance level of the visual field. Contrastsensitivity decreases with increase in the ratio of the two luminance levelsand is independent of their absolute values. The experiment used 5 ratiosof luminance changes of the visual field: 1:1, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50 and1:100.Contrast sensitivity is greatest when the ratio is 1:1, and falling to 50%of the original when the ratio reaches 1:20. If the former is arbitrarily setto be 100% seeing probability, then the latter would be 50% seeing proba-bility which is the threshold for visual discrimination. It is recommendedthat in designing actual lighting environments changes in luminance ratio ofthe visual field should not exceed 1:20.

关 键 词：感受性 视觉对比 亮度变化 公路照明 视场亮度 亮度适应 生活实践 表监视 亮度比 仪表板 

分 类 号：B[哲学宗教]