关于各种类型数据的初轨计算方法  

Initial Orbit Determination for Different Data Types

作　　者：刘林[1] 张巍[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学天文系 [2]南京大学空间环境与航天动力学研究所

出　　处：《飞行器测控学报》2009年第3期70-76,共7页Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology

摘　　要：航天测控中的定轨任务,包含初轨确定和精密定轨两类不同的工作。关于初轨问题,传统意义下的定轨模型是对应一个无摄运动的二体问题,而精密定轨,必须采用符合问题精度要求的力学模型,即对应一个"完整"力学系统的受摄二体问题。就定轨的基本原理而言,尽管后者可以涵盖前者,但前者在短弧的前提下,有特殊的定轨方式,其最大的特征是可以在无任何初始信息的前提下,将一个复杂的多变元迭代问题转化为一个简单的"单"变元迭代过程,而且在必要的情况下,同样可以考虑摄动影响。本文将针对传统的测量数据和不断出现的新的测量模式所提供的数据类型,结合我们自己的工作,对目前主要的初轨计算方法作一综述。Orbit determination in space mission includes two different types,initial orbit determination and precise orbit determination.The initial orbit determination corresponds to a two body problem in the traditional senses.But the precise orbit determination which gives the precise orbit to space mission must adopt a perturbed two body system with the 'complete' force model to adapt the certain precision.Though the latter could cover the former in principle,the former has it special way for orbit determination with short arc.The significant character of initial orbit determination is changing a complex multi-variable iterative into a single variable iterative course without any initial information,and the perturbation could be also considered if necessary.Combined with our work,this paper summarizes the methods of initial orbit determination for the observation data of both traditional types and new observation modes.

关 键 词：短弧与长弧 二体问题 摄动 初轨 精密定轨 

分 类 号：V412.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]