云南高原红壤茶园土壤的主要物理特性  

Main Physical Characteristics of Red Earth Tea Soil in Yunnan Plateau

作　　者：许允文[1] 杨钟鸣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,杭州310008

出　　处：《茶叶科学》1992年第2期87-93,共7页Journal of Tea Science

摘　　要：对云南省思茅、西双版纳、临沧、保山和德宏茶区的部分茶园土壤的主要物理特性和肥力水平调查结果表明,与低丘红壤茶园土壤不同的是,云南高原红壤茶园土层深厚,有机质丰富,结构疏松,具有良好的通气性、透水性和持水性,田间持水量一般可达35%左右,全有效水量为12%—23%;在低吸力段时,其耕作层的持水量高于心土层,并可释放有效水的50%。但是,土壤有效水的释放,也主要是在低吸力段,在0.6 MPa时,90%左右的有效水都已释出,因而冬春旱季茶树同样易遭旱害。多数茶园开垦及土壤管理不合理,夏秋雨季水土流失严重,加上土壤酸性较强,土壤中的速效磷、速效钾及镁、铝、锌、铜等微量元素含量水平低,营养失衡,单产普遍较低。文中还对如何加强该地区的茶园土壤管理进行了讨论。Results of survey on the major physical characteristics and fertilitylevel in tea soil of Simao,Xishuang Banna,Lincang,Baoshan and Dehongareas of Yunnan Province showed that in different from the red earth inlow-hilly tea garden,the red earth in plateau tea garden possessed thefollowing characteristics:deep horizon,high contents of organic matter,loose structure,good aeration and water permeability,field water capacityaround 35%,effective water content 12-23%,the water capacity incultivation horizon is higher than that in subsoil under the low-suctionsector,and 50% effective water can be released.However,the release ofeffictive water in soil is also located in the low-suction sector.Investigationshowed that 90% of the effective water were released under 0.6 MPa suctionso the tea plants are easy to suffer from the drought in the winter andspring seasons.The yields of most tea garden are relatively low due to theunreasonable soil management and cultivation,which make severe erotionin rainy season at summer or autumn.In addition to the high soil acidity,the contents of fast-acting phosphorus,potassium,magnesium,aluminium,zinc and copper are low,resulting in nutrients insufficient.Methods toimprove the soil management in tea garden are discussed in this paper bythe authors.

关 键 词：云南 高原红壤 红壤茶园 土壤 物理特性 持水特性 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]