公平——精神道德观念还是互利合作机制?  

Fairness:Moral Conception in Mental World or Strategic Mechanism In Reciprocal Social Exchange?

作　　者：苏彦捷[1] 穆岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理学探新》2004年第3期26-29,共4页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学十五规划项目(01JAXLX014);秦惠君与李政道中国大学生见习进修基金

摘　　要：公平概念一直都是儿童道德发展研究的一个重要课题。传统上认为公平作为一个道德概念,属于人类精神层面,指导人类行为,是高于社会物质生活的。然而进一步研究关注,公平,作为人类生活中的一个重要而普遍的现象,是如何产生的,又为何能保持在人类社会生活中的。结果表明,公平在是人们在互利的目的下表现出来的一种策略,受到社会信息透明度的影响。一个社会中信息越透明,个体的名声越容易形成,则公平越成为一种最优的策略。Fairness has been an important subject in the research of children's moral development, Which is traditionally a moral conception guiding people's behavior. However, further researches are concerned about how did fairness form and maintain in human society as a significant and universal phenomenon. And the results show that fairness is an optimum strategy aiming at mutual benefit under the mechanism of reciprocal social exchange. If people set up their reputation easily, which reveals fair player from deceiver, the reputation system will enhance the potential opportunity for fair players in the future. The more transparent the society is, the more profitable fairness becomes.

关 键 词：公平 伦理思想 儿童 理性思维 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]