不同土壤类型、不同气候条件与稻米品质的关系研究  

Studies on relationships between different soil types and climate condition and grain yield and quality of rice

作　　者：熊洪[1] 唐玉明[1] 任道群[1] 李兴莲[1] 程开禄[1] 姚万春[1] 周兴兵[1] 刘康[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所,四川泸州646100 [2]泸州市农业局,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2004年第4期445-449,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省攻关项目

摘　　要：本文采用四川省主产水稻地区的灰棕紫泥土、紫泥土、灰色冲积土、紫色冲积土(代表沱江流域)、红棕紫泥土、棕紫土、老冲积黄泥土、紫色冲积土(代表九曲河流域)、灰棕冲积土和红紫泥土10种不同类型土壤和生态条件,研究土壤养分供给能力和生态条件与稻米品质间的关系,结果表明,在相同施肥水平和农作技术条件下,土壤类型对整精米粒率、垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质含量等稻米指标影响较大,以灰棕紫泥土、灰色冲积土和紫色冲积土(代表九曲河流域)3种类型土壤生产的稻米整精米粒率较其它土壤类型高,垩白粒率和垩白度低;另外红棕紫泥土生产的稻米垩白粒率和垩白度也较低。灰色冲积土、紫色冲积土(代表沱江流域)和红紫泥土生产的稻米蛋白质含量较其它土壤类型生产稻米含量高。在一定的营养基础上,日均温度适宜、昼夜温差大,日照时数较多,有利于降低稻米垩白粒率和垩白度,增加稻米蛋白质含量。研究还表明,从水稻育种的角度改进稻米品质的潜力较大,也是稻米优质的关键。最后提出了四川省优质稻米生产的布局。The effects of nutrient-supplying ability in different types of soil and different ecological conditions on quality of rice was studied through grey-brown-purple soil, purple soil, brown-alluvial soil, purple-alluvial soil(representing Tuojiang river area), red-brown-purple soil, brown-purple soil, brown-purple soil, lao alluvial yellow soil, purple-alluvial soil(representing Jiouqu river area), grey-brown alluvial soil, red-purple soil etc.and two climate condition.The results showed that soil types affected fully milled rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness and protein content.The fully milled rate of rice in grey-brown-purple soil, brown-alluvial soil and purple-alluvial soil(representing Jiouqu river area)was higher than that in other soil types; but the chalky grain rate and chalkiness of rice was lower than that in other soil types. The chalky grain rate and chalkiness of rice in red-brown-purple soil was almost the same to that in grey-brown-purple soil, brown-alluvial soil and purple-alluvial soil(representing Jiouqu river area).The protein content of rice in grey-brown-purple soil, purple-alluvial soil(representing Tuojiang river area) and red-purple soil was higher than that in other soil type. The results also demonstrated that suitable mean temperature, diurnal range, more sunshine could reduced the chalky grain rate and chalkiness of rice, and increased protein content of rice,and the critical techniques to improve rice quality was to breed new rice variety.

关 键 词：土壤类型 生态条件 稻米品质 品种改良 生产布局 

分 类 号：S551.06[农业科学—作物学]