动态视觉加工与儿童汉字阅读  

VISUAL PERCEPTUAL SKILLS AND READING ABILITIES IN CHINESE SPEAKING CHILDREN

作　　者：孟祥芝[1] 周晓林[1] 曾飚[1] 孔瑞芬[1] 庄捷[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系发展心理研究室,北京100871

出　　处：《心理学报》2002年第1期16-22,共7页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家攀登计划 (批准号 :95 -专 -0 9);国家自然科学基金 ( 30 0 70 2 6 0 );教育部博士点基金 ( 990 0 0 12 7);高等学校骨干教师基金 ;北京大学-香港中文大学心理学系合作研究基金的资助

摘　　要：使用视觉阈限测验、图片命名、字形相似性判断实验和语音意识等测验 ,考察了小学五年级儿童视觉加工技能与汉字阅读之间的关系。结果发现 :动态视觉加工与图片命名错误率、字形判断反应时和错误率、语音意识均有显著相关 ,静态视觉加工只与图片命名错误率相关显著 ;控制识字量后的偏相关分析显示 ,动态视觉加工与其他变量的相关关系不变 ,静态视觉加工与图片命名错误率的相关不再显著 ;回归分析发现动态视觉加工在识字量和语音意识的影响控制后 ,能够分别解释阅读流畅性、字形判断反应时和图片命名错误率 7%、2 5 %和 5 6 %的变化 ;语音意识能够解释识字量和阅读流畅性 9%和 10 %的变化 ;对差读者的动态视觉加工和语音意识分析发现 ,儿童在这两种测验上的个体差异很大。上述结果表明 ,阅读过程受基本知觉技能影响 ,动态视觉加工作用于汉字阅读的特定过程。Many studies have shown that developmental dyslexia in alphabetic languages is related to (visual and auditory) perceptual processes Reading impairment originates from deficits in representation and processing both at the linguistic level and at the more basic perceptual level To investigate the relations between Chinese school children′s visual perception and their abilities in reading Chinese characters, the present study used tasks that measure the coherent motion detection threshold, the number of Chinese characters known, reading fluency, phonological awareness, and other tasks including picture naming, and orthographic similarity judgement The correlation analyses found that the dynamic motion detection threshold correlated with error rate in picture naming, the reaction time and error rate in orthographic similarity judgement, static motion detection threshold correlated only with error rate in picture naming When the amount of characters known to children was controlled, correlations between the dynamic motion detection threshold and other variables were stable, but the correlation between the static motion detection threshold and error rate in picture naming disappeared Regression analyses found that the dynamic motion detection threshold accounted for 7%, 25% and 56% for reading fluency, orthographic similarity judgement and error rate in picture naming respectively, after the number of characters known to children and phonological awareness were controlled Phonological awareness accounted for 9% and 10% of character known to children and reading fluency respectively The static motion detection threshold could not account for any variables significantly Further analyses of the performance of poor readers found large individual differences in visual perceptual skills and phonological awareness It was concluded that the development of reading skills is affected by the development of visual perceptual skills and the effects can be localized to specific processes in reading Chinese chara

关 键 词：态视觉加工 汉字阅读 阅读流畅性 语音意识 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]