模拟气动载荷对猴头颈部损伤的研究  

A Study of Endurance Limit of Monkey's Head-Neck Region to Simulated Aerodynamic Loads

作　　者：吴桂荣[1] 张云然[1] 由广兴[1] 王以进[2] 苏建良[2] 翁盛隆[2] 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所,北京100094 [2]上海科技大学,上海201800

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》1993年第2期95-99,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：本实验使用动态加载机模拟了应急弹射时气流吹袭对人体的作用曲线。对24只猴的头部进行了冲击,通过多项医学指标的综合判断,获得了猴头颈部对模拟气动载荷的耐受限度。实验表明:冲击载荷在2.3kN 以下不会对猴产生任何损伤。在2.5kN 会使猴发生脑振荡,2.8kN 以上对猴生命威胁较大,此结果为人体头颈部对气流吹袭耐限的确定提供了依据。实验还表明动态加载机对气流吹袭作用曲线模拟效果较好,是目前国内进行冲击创伤研究比较理想的实验设备。Head-neck injuries caused by thigh-speed windblast is an importantproblem in emergency ejection.Simulated windblast impact was applied to the head of 24monkeys by means of a specially designed dynamic loader to simulate the windblast curvesacting on human body during emergency ejection.Endurance limit of monkeys head-neckregion to simulated aerodynamic loads was evaluated with medical parametrers.The ex-perimental results indicated that 2.3kN impact load caused no injury in monkeys;impactload causing concussion of brain in monkeys was 2.5kN;at this load obvious congestionin the brain,and hemorrhage in muscles and subcutaneous tissue in the back of neck wereobservated.Dissolves Nissl body was found under micoscope,but red cell and CK-BBwere not found in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF);Impact load threatening monkey's life was2.8kN and above.Fracture of skull,brain injuries,tear of muscles in the neck and theback may be observated at this load,and red cells and CK-BB were found in CSF.Theexperimental results could serve as basis for the determination of enduranve limit of hu-man head-neck region to windblast.The specially designed dynamic loader used in the ex-periment was found to be an ideal device in exoerimental studies of impact injury.

关 键 词：气流吹袭伤 颅脑损伤 头颈 

分 类 号：R852.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]