提升结构的句法研究  

The Syntax of Raising Constructions

作　　者：刘爱英[1] 韩景泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学外国语学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《外国语》2004年第5期11-18,共8页Journal of Foreign Languages

摘　　要：本文认为,传统文献中对提升结构的基于被动结构的类比分析在经验和理论上都存在问题。两种结构的内部构造并不相同:被动谓词有可能选择从句作补语,但提升谓词总是选择小句作补语。鉴于虚义成分必须显性移位才能获得解释,虚义主语it在两种结构中都不可能直接插入到句子表层主语位置上。被动结构中的it应该是移自动词的原逻辑宾语位置,而提升结构中的it则应该是移自小句中的谓语位置。This paper argues that the analogy of raisings with passives is problematic both empirically and theoretically. It is shown that the inner configuration is totally different in the two cases. Crucially, while the passive predicate may select a clausal complement, the raising predicate selects a clause in all cases. Given that expletives must move overtly in order to be interpreted, the expletive subject it cannot be inserted directly in the surface subject position in either construction. It is proposed that in the case of passive the expletive it is raised from the object position; while in the case of raising, it is raised from the predicative position of a small clause.

关 键 词：被动结构 句法 提升结构 提升动词 英语 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]