频率差异假设和长时记忆的视优效应  

DIFFERENTIAL-FREQUENCY INTERPRETATION AND VISUAL SUPERIORITY EFFECT IN LONG-TERM MEMORY

作　　者：朱滢[1] 周爱宝[1] 张晓军 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理系,100871

出　　处：《心理学报》1993年第2期125-131,共7页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金39170303号资助项目

摘　　要：本文包括长时记忆视优效应的三项实验。实验一使用汉语为学习材料,北京人与广东人为被试;实验二使用英语为学习材料、美国人与中国人为被试;实验三使用日语为学习材料、日本人为被试。三项实验都有视觉、听觉两种呈现方式。三项实验的结果都有利于证明频率差异假设,即如果在书面言语中经验某字词的频率高于在口语中经验该字词的频率,则该字词的视觉呈现优于听觉呈现。Three experiments which involve the visual superiority effect in longterm memory are reported here. The studied materials in Experiment 1 areChinese Characters, the subjects are Beijing natives and Cantonese. The stu-died materials in Experiment 2 is English, American and Chinese arethe subjects; Experiment 3 has Japanese as the studied materials and Japan-ese as subjects. All of the three experiments include visual vs. auditory in-put mode. The results of these three experiments support the differential-frequency interpretation of the visual superiority effect, i. e. if a set ofwords is encountered more frequently in readings than in speech, then a memo-rial superiority of visually presented words over auditorily presented ones willbe obtained.

关 键 词：频率差异假设 长时记忆 视优效应 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]