氮离子注入水稻机理与效应研究  

Mechanism and Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation in Rice

作　　者：夏英武[1] 谢嘉华[1] 舒庆尧[1] 倪新强[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农业大学核农所

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》1994年第3期241-245,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

摘　　要：本文回顾了氮离子注入水稻机理与效应的６个方面研究结果：１．氮离子注入水稻种胚，引起了种胚表层细胞和内部结构的变化。２．与不同剂量的叠氨化钠和γ射线处理相比，氮离子注入Ｍ１代生理损伤轻，Ｍ２代株高、抽穗期诱变效率高，但叶绿素缺失突变诱变效率低。３．不同基因型水稻氮离子注入，产生的生物学效应存在着基因型间的差异。４．氮离子和叠氮化钠处理虽加剧了生理损伤，但提高了突变频率。５．成熟胚培养时，氮离子注入后出愈率虽略有下降，但改善了愈伤组织的质量，促进了愈伤组织生长，从而提高了分化率和得苗率。６．利用优质早籼９０３为亲本，氮离子注入后筛选到个别性状和综合性状改变的突变体，个别品系群体已稳定，不久就可用于生产。The mechanism and effect of nitrogen ion implantation in rice,Oryza sative L. were re-viewed in the present paper:1.Changes of inner structure and surface layer cell of embryo were observed,2. Compared with the treatments of different doses of γ-rays and sodium azide, nitro-gen ion implantation caused lower physiological damage in the M1 generation, and lower muta-genic efficiency of chlorophyll,but higher mutagenic efficiencies of heading date and plant heightin the M2 generation. 3.The biological effects of nitrogen ion implantation in different genotyperices were obviously different.4.In rice, ion implantation with sodium azide aggravated physio-logical damages in the M1 generation,but raised mutation frequency of chlorophyll in the M2 gen-eration. 5.Treated with nitrogen ion prior to inoculation,mature embryo culture gave low callusinduction rate, but the quality of callus was improved,and thus their shoot differentitation rateswere enhanced. 6.The early season rice 903 with good quality implanted with nitrogen ion,some mutants with individual or multiple characters improved were selected in M2 generation,andthe group of one mutant with good quality and high yield potentiality showed no difference,andwill be widely used soon.

关 键 词：生物学效应 水稻 氮 离子注入 

分 类 号：S511.103.5[农业科学—作物学]