山东日照市两城镇遗址龙山文化酒遗存的化学分析——兼谈酒在史前时期的文化意义  

A Chemical Analysis of the Longshan Culture Fermented Beverage Unearthed from the Liangchengzhen Site in Rizhao City,Shandong:Also on the Cultural Significance of Fermented Beverages in Prehistoric Times

作　　者：PatrickE.McGovern 方辉[2] 栾丰实[2] 于海广[2] AnneP.Underhill 王辰珊 蔡凤书[2] GretchenR.Hall GaryM.Feinman 赵志军[4] 

机构地区：[1]UniversityofPennsylvaniaMuseum,Philadelphia,PA19104 [2]山东大学历史文化学院,济南市,250100 [3]DepartmentofAnthropology,TheFieldMuseuminChicago,IL60605 [4]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京市,100710

出　　处：《考古》2005年第3期73-85,共13页Archaeology

基　　金：亨利·鲁斯基金会(Henry Luce Foundation)和美国国家科学基金会(NSF)对两城镇遗址2000～2001年发掘项 目提供了资助

摘　　要：Humans around the world have shown a remarkable propensity to ferment available sugar sources into alcoholic beverages. These drinks have significantly contributed to cultural innovation and development, including agricultural and horticultural skills to harness natural resources, technologies to produce beverages and to make special vessels to serve, drink and present them ceremonially, and their incorporation into feasting and other activities. Molecular archaeological analyses of a range of pottery forms from the Liangchengzhen site, China, illustrate how contemporaneous chemical data, in conjunction with intensive archaeological and botanical recovery methods, enable the reconstruction of prehistoric beverages and their cultural significance. During the middle Longshan period (ca. 2400 2200 BC),a mixed fermented beverage of rice, honey and fruit (probably hawthorn fruit or grape) was presented as grave offerings and consumed by residents in the regional center.Humans around the world have shown a remarkable propcnsity to ferment available sugar sources into alcoholic beverages.These drinks have significantly contributed to cultural innovation and development,including agricultural and horticuhural skills to harness natural resources,technologies to produce beverages and to make special vessels to serve,drink and present them ceremonially,and their incorporation into feasting and other activities.Molecular archacological analyses of a range of pottery forms from the Liangchengzhen site,China,illustrate how contemporaneous chemical data,in conjunc- tion with intensive archaeological and botanical recovery methods,enable the reconstruction of prehis- toric beverages and their cultural significance.During the middle Longshan period(ca.2400—2200 BC), a mixed fermented beverage of rice,honey and fruit(probably hawthorn fruit or grape)was presented as grave offerings and consumed by residents in the regional center.

关 键 词：龙山文化 遗存 遗址 史前时期 文化意义 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]